Vascular Shunt Mechanism

Re-distribution of blood during exercise - from non essential organs and muscles to working muscles.

Arteries leading to non essential stuff constrict (vasoconstriction of pre capillary sphincters)
Arteries going to working muscles dilate ( vasodilation of pre capillary sphincters)

Osteoarthritis

articular cartilage - wears away - inflammation of joint - swelling and pain

exercise:
low intensity e.g. swimming
body sends blood to working muscles and joint - flush out bad stuff replenish what is needed

Muscle Fibre Types

Slow Oxidative :

Red, small, many mitochondria, low contractile speed and strength, low anaerobic resistance, high aerobic resistance

Fast Oxidative:
pink, medium, many mitochondria, fast and high contractile speed and strength, low aerobic, high anaerobic

Fast Glycolitic:
white, big, few mitochondria, fast and high contractile speed and strength, low aerobic, high anaerobic

Muscular Contraction

Isotonic:
Eccentric - muscle shortens in length when contracting e.g. upward phase of bicep curl
Concentric - muscle lengthens when contracting e.g. downward phase of bicep curl

Isometric:
Muscle length stays same when contracting e.g. a rugby scrum

Joints

Two or more bones meeting at a point

Connected by ligaments

Origin and insertion of muscle - cause muscle to move joints, agonist and antagonist

Different movements e.g. dorsi + plantar flexion, abduction and adduction

Synovial joints - freely movable
Eg
Ball and socket - shoulder, head of humerus and clavicle
Hinge - knee, femur and tibia

Heart

Response and Reaction Time

Improving:
mental rehearsal
experience

stimulus/response capability
cue detection
fitness
selective attention
motivation
warmed up

RT + MT = resp time

Factors affecting reaction time:
age
gender
limb used
personality
motivation
body temp
sense used
warning given
stimulus intensity
likelihood of stimulus occurring

Memory

Short Term Memory Store:

receives info from display

lasts for less than a second

unimportant info lost

relevant info let through

Long Term Memory Store:

disregards irrelevant info

prevents overload of IPS

filters relevant info passing onto short term memory

Welfords Model - Information processing diagram

 

Stages of Learning

Cognitive - Beginner, lack of fluency, have to think about it, disjointed

Associative - practice is key, more fluent, motor programme starting to be formed

Automotive - little conscious thought, fluent, mastered skill, perfecting little bits